生物学基础

🐘TO-DO🐘

• Biology covers diverse topics such as molecular biology, biochemistry, ecology, evolution, genetics, microbiology, immunology, and biotechnology.
• 化学键
• 代谢

直到1958年Meselson和Stahl利用氮(15N)标记技术在大肠杆菌中证实了DNA的半保留复制模型。在复制开始，模板先要在RNA聚合酶的存在下转录一段RNA，长50~100个核苷酸残基，随后才开始DNA的合成。冈崎片段(Okazaki fragment)是指在DNA双链进行半保留复制时，在复制点附近新合成的与亲代DNA链互补的DNA片段，一般是不连续合成且长度较短的DNA片段，并以主要发现者日本名古屋大学冈崎令治的姓氏而命名。每个冈崎片段实际上是由RNA引物和DNA两个部分组成，而RNA引物在复制后期冈崎片段互相连接的过程中被水解，所以在最终的产物中并不存在。

The task force related the competencies to three different types of individuals requiring bioinformatics training:

• 1) bioinformatics engineers, who create novel computational methods needed by bioinformatics users and scientists;
• 2) bioinformatics scientists, who employ computational methods to advance the scientific understanding of living systems;
• 3) bioinformatics users, who access data resources and bioinformatics tools to perform duties in specific application domains (e.g., medicine, law, agriculture, food science, education, etc.).